Introduction
Termux is a terminal emulator and Linux environment for Android devices. It is an app that allows you to access a Linux command line on your phone, install various packages, and use many tools and utilities. You can use Termux for data processing, programming, file management, learning Linux, running an SSH client, and much more.
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What is Termux?
Termux is an app that combines a powerful terminal emulator with an extensive Linux package collection. It provides a command line interface that lets you run Linux commands on your Android device without rooting or any special setup. You can enjoy the bash and zsh shells, edit files with nano and vim, access servers over ssh, compile code with gcc and clang, use the python console as a pocket calculator, check out projects with git and subversion, run text-based games with frotz, and many more.
Termux is not a virtual machine or an emulator. It is a self-contained Linux environment that uses native Android libraries and binaries. All the packages are cross-compiled with Android NDK and only have compatibility patches to work on Android. Termux does not have full access to the Android file system, so it installs all the files into its own private directory at /data/data/com.termux/files/usr. This directory is called "prefix" and is also an exported environment variable in the Termux shell.
Why use Termux?
There are many reasons why you might want to use Termux on your Android device. Here are some of them:
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Consistency: Termux apps are the same as their Linux counterparts, from keyboard shortcuts to installation methods. You don't have to deal with different user interfaces or behaviors for each app.
Compactness: Termux apps are usually smaller in size than their Android ports, as they don't have any extra code or dependencies. For example, an SSH client in Termux is only 396KB, while an Android SSH client might be anywhere from 2MB to 12MB.
Timeliness: Termux apps are updated more frequently than their Android ports, as they are often created automatically alongside the desktop versions. You can get access to new features and bug fixes more quickly with Termux.
Price: All the apps in Termux are free and open source, as is Termux itself. You don't have to pay for any app or subscription to use Termux or any of its packages.
Flexibility: Termux allows you to customize and configure your terminal and apps to your liking. You can change the font size, color scheme, keyboard layout, shell prompt, aliases, and more. You can also install additional plugins and extensions to enhance your Termux experience.
Fun: Termux is a great way to learn Linux, experiment with new tools, and have fun with your Android device. You can play games, listen to music, watch videos, chat with friends, and explore the world of open source software with Termux.
Of course, Termux is not perfect and has some limitations and drawbacks. For example, Termux does not support graphical user interfaces (GUIs), so you can only use text-based apps. Termux also does not have root access by default, so you cannot perform some system-level tasks or modify some protected files. Termux may also be incompatible with some Android devices or versions, especially older ones. However, these issues can be overcome or mitigated with some workarounds or alternatives.
Download and Installation
Now that you know what Termux is and why you might want to use it, let's see how you can download and install it on your Android device. There are two main ways to get Termux: from F-Droid or from GitHub.
How to download Termux?
F-Droid is a repository of free and open source apps for Android. It is a trusted and secure source of Termux and its packages. To download Termux from F-Droid, you need to follow these steps:
Install the F-Droid app on your Android device from .
Open the F-Droid app and search for Termux.
Select the Termux app from the search results and tap on Install.
Wait for the download and installation to complete.
Github is a platform for hosting and collaborating on software projects. It is also where the source code and releases of Termux and its packages are hosted. To download Termux from GitHub, you need to follow these steps:
Go to the Termux GitHub page at .
Tap on the Releases tab and select the latest release of Termux.
Scroll down to the Assets section and tap on the termux.apk file to download it.
Open the downloaded file and allow the installation of unknown apps if prompted.
How to install Termux?
Once you have downloaded Termux from either F-Droid or GitHub, you can install it on your Android device by following these steps:
Open the Termux app icon on your home screen or app drawer.
Grant the necessary permissions for Termux to access your files, camera, microphone, etc.
Wait for the initial setup to complete. This may take a few minutes as Termux downloads and installs some essential packages.
You should see a welcome message and a command prompt in the Termux terminal. Congratulations! You have successfully installed Termux on your Android device.
How to update Termux?
To keep your Termux app and packages up to date, you need to follow these steps:
If you installed Termux from F-Droid, open the F-Droid app and check for updates. If there is a new version of Termux available, tap on Update and wait for the installation to finish.
If you installed Termux from GitHub, go to the Termux GitHub page at and check for new releases. If there is a new version of Termux available, download the termux.apk file and install it over the existing app.
To update the packages in Termux, open the Termux app and run the following command: pkg update && pkg upgrade. This will update the package list and upgrade all the installed packages to their latest versions.
Basic Usage
Now that you have downloaded and installed Termux on your Android device, let's see how you can use it for some basic tasks. In this section, I will cover how to use the Termux terminal and shell, how to install packages, and how to access files.</ How to use Termux?
Termux is a terminal emulator, which means it provides a text-based interface to interact with your device. You can type commands and see the output on the screen. You can also use keyboard shortcuts, gestures, and touch controls to navigate and edit the terminal.
The Termux terminal uses a shell, which is a program that interprets and executes the commands you type. Termux supports two shells: bash and zsh. Bash is the default shell and the most widely used one in Linux. Zsh is an alternative shell that has some extra features and customization options. You can switch between the shells by typing bash or zsh in the terminal.
Some of the basic commands you can use in Termux are:
pwd: Prints the current working directory.
ls: Lists the files and directories in the current directory.
cd: Changes the current directory to the specified one.
cp: Copies files or directories from one location to another.
mv: Moves or renames files or directories.
rm: Removes files or directories.
echo: Prints a message or a variable value to the standard output.
cat: Displays the contents of a file or concatenates multiple files.
grep: Searches for a pattern in a file or input.
find: Finds files or directories that match certain criteria.
ps: Shows information about the running processes.
kill: Sends a signal to a process to terminate it.
ping: Tests the connectivity to a host by sending packets and measuring the response time.
cURL: Transfers data from or to a server using various protocols.
wget: Downloads files from the web.
How to install packages?
Packages are collections of files and programs that provide additional functionality to Termux. Termux has a built-in package manager called pkg, which allows you to install, update, and remove packages from various repositories. You can also use apt, which is another package manager that works similarly to pkg.
To install packages in Termux, you need to run the following command:
pkg install
You can replace with the name of the package you want to install. For example, to install Python, you can run:
pkg install python
You can also install multiple packages at once by separating them with spaces. For example, to install Git, Node.js, and Ruby, you can run:
pkg install git nodejs ruby
To update all the installed packages to their latest versions, you can run:
pkg update && pkg upgrade
To remove a package from Termux, you can run:
pkg uninstall
You can also use apt instead of pkg, as they have the same syntax and options. For example, to install Python with apt, you can run:
apt install python
To see a list of all the available packages in Termux, you can run:
pkg list-all
How to access files?
To access your files in Termux, you need to know where they are stored and how to navigate them. As mentioned before, Termux installs all its files into its own private directory at /data/data/com.termux/files/usr. This directory is also known as "prefix" and is an exported environment variable in Termux. You can access this directory by typing $PREFIX in the terminal.
The prefix directory contains several subdirectories, such as bin, lib, etc, var, tmp, share, etc. These subdirectories follow the standard Linux file system hierarchy and store different types of files and data. For example, bin contains executable programs, lib contains libraries, etc contains configuration files, var contains variable data, tmp contains temporary files, share contains shared data, etc.
To access your external storage (such as SD card or USB drive), you need to grant Termux permission to do so. You can do this by running the following command and following the instructions:
termux-setup-storage
This will create a directory called storage in your home directory, which is a symbolic link to /storage/emulated/0. This directory contains several subdirectories that correspond to your external storage folders, such as dcim, downloads, movies, music, pictures, etc. You can access these directories by typing $HOME/storage in the terminal.
To access your internal storage (such as app data or cache), you need to use the termux-open command. This command allows you to open files or directories with an Android intent. For example, to open the Termux app data directory, you can run:
termux-open /data/data/com.termux
This will launch a file manager app that can access the internal storage. You can also use the -a option to specify the action of the intent, such as view, edit, send, etc. For example, to view a text file in your downloads folder, you can run:
termux-open -a view $HOME/storage/downloads/file.txt
This will launch a text viewer app that can display the file contents.
Advanced Usage
Termux is not only a terminal emulator and a Linux environment, but also a powerful platform for developing and running various applications and scripts. In this section, I will cover how to use the Termux API, how to run scripts, and how to customize Termux.
How to use the Termux API?
The Termux API is a companion app that allows Termux to access various device features, such as sensors, camera, contacts, clipboard, notifications, etc. You can install the Termux API app from F-Droid or GitHub, just like the Termux app. You also need to install the termux-api package in Termux by running:
pkg install termux-api
This will provide you with several commands that start with termux-, such as termux-battery-status, termux-camera-info, termux-clipboard-get, termux-notification, etc. You can use these commands to interact with the device features and get or set data. For example, to get the battery status of your device, you can run:
termux-battery-status
This will output a JSON object that contains information about the battery level, health, temperature, voltage, etc. You can also use the -h option to get help on each command and its options. For example, to get help on termux-notification, you can run:
termux-notification -h
This will show you how to use termux-notification to create and manage notifications on your device.
How to run scripts?
Scripts are files that contain a series of commands or instructions that can be executed by a program or interpreter. Termux supports various scripting languages, such as bash, python, perl, ruby, nodejs , php, etc. You can use these languages to create and run scripts that automate tasks, perform calculations, manipulate data, or do anything else you can imagine.
To run scripts in Termux, you need to follow these steps:
Create a script file with your preferred text editor, such as nano or vim. You can also use the termux-create command to create a script file with a template and executable permissions. For example, to create a python script file called hello.py, you can run:
termux-create -l python hello.py
Write your script code in the file and save it. For example, to write a simple script that prints "Hello, world!" to the standard output, you can write:
#!/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/python
print("Hello, world!")
Run your script file with the appropriate interpreter or program. You can either specify the full path of the interpreter or use the shebang line (the first line that starts with #!) to indicate which interpreter to use. For example, to run the hello.py script, you can either run:
/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/python hello.py
or ./hello.py
You can also pass arguments to your script file by appending them after the file name. For example, to pass the argument "Termux" to the hello.py script, you can run:
./hello.py Termux
You can access the arguments in your script code by using the sys.argv list in python. For example, to print the first argument passed to the hello.py script, you can write:
#!/data/data/com.termux/files/usr/bin/python
import sys
print(sys.argv[1])
How to customize Termux?
Termux allows you to customize and configure your terminal and apps to your liking. You can change the font size, color scheme, keyboard layout, shell prompt, aliases, and more. You can also install additional plugins and extensions to enhance your Termux experience.
To customize Termux, you need to follow these steps:
Open the Termux app and swipe from the left edge of the screen to open the menu.
Select Settings from the menu and choose the option you want to customize.
For example, to change the font size, select Text Size and adjust the slider.
To change the color scheme, select Color Theme and choose from the predefined themes or create your own.
To change the keyboard layout, select Keyboard and enable or disable the keys you want.
To change the shell prompt, select Shell and edit the PS1 variable.
To create aliases, select Shell and edit the .bashrc or .zshrc file.
To install plugins and extensions, select Plugins and browse through the available options.
Alternatives and Comparisons
Termux is not the only terminal emulator and Linux environment for Android devices. There are some other apps that offer similar or different features and functionalities. In this section, I will list some of the alternatives to Termux and compare them based on their features, performance, and user reviews.
What are some alternatives to Termux?
Some of the alternatives to Termux are:
UserLAnd: UserLAnd is an app that allows you to run full Linux distributions on your Android device without rooting or any special setup. You can choose from various distributions such as Ubuntu, Debian, Arch Linux, Kali Linux , and more. You can also install and run various desktop environments such as XFCE, LXDE, MATE, etc. UserLAnd uses proot to create a fake root environment and does not require any root access or special permissions.
Andronix: Andronix is another app that allows you to run full Linux distributions on your Android device without rooting or any special setup. It is similar to UserLAnd, but it has some additional features such as a custom kernel, a modded OS, and a premium subscription. Andronix also uses proot to create a fake root environment and does not require any root access or special permissions.
GNURoot Debian: GNURoot Debian is an app that allows you to run Debian Linux on your Android device without rooting or any special setup. It is different from UserLAnd and Andronix, as it does not use proot, but rather a modified version of chroot. This means that it has more access to the Android file system and can run some programs that require root access. However, it also means that it may be less stable and compatible with some Android devices or versions.
Termius: Termius is an app that allows you to access remote servers and devices via SSH, SFTP, Telnet, and Mosh. It is not a terminal emulator or a Linux environment, but rather a SSH client and a file manager. You can use Termius to connect to your own servers or devices, or use the built-in cloud servers that provide various Linux distributions and tools. Termius also has some features such as port forwarding, key management, snippets, themes, etc.
How does Termux compare to other apps?
To compare Termux with some of its alternatives, I will use the following criteria:
Features: The number and variety of features and functionalities that the app provides.
Performance: The speed and stability of the app and its packages.
User Reviews: The average rating and feedback from the users of the app on Google Play Store.
The table below summarizes the comparison of Termux with UserLAnd, Andronix, GNURoot Debian, and Termius based on these criteria:
App Features Performance User Reviews --- --- --- --- Termux High: Terminal emulator, Linux environment, package manager, plugins, extensions, etc. High: Fast and stable app and packages. High: 4.6/5 stars with over 100K reviews. UserLAnd High: Terminal emulator, Linux environment, package manager, desktop environments, etc. Medium: Slow and unstable app and packages. Medium: 3.9/5 stars with over 10K reviews. Andronix High: Terminal emulator, Linux environment, package manager, desktop environments, custom kernel, modded OS, premium subscription, etc. Medium: Slow and unstable app and packages. Medium: 4.0/5 stars with over 5K reviews. GNURoot Debian Medium: Terminal emulator, Linux environment , package manager, etc. Low: Slow and unstable app and packages. Low: 3.6/5 stars with over 10K reviews. Termius Medium: SSH client, file manager, port forwarding, key management, snippets, themes, etc. High: Fast and stable app and connections. High: 4.6/5 stars with over 50K reviews.
As you can see, Termux has the highest score in terms of features, performance, and user reviews among its alternatives. Termux offers a more complete and consistent terminal emulator and Linux environment for Android devices, with a large and updated collection of packages and plugins. Termux also has a faster and more stable app and packages than UserLAnd, Andronix, and GNURoot Debian, which suffer from slow and unstable performance. Termux also has a higher rating and more positive feedback from its users than UserLAnd, Andronix, and GNURoot Debian, which have some complaints and issues from their users. Termius is a different type of app that focuses on SSH connections and file management, rather than terminal emulation and Linux environment. Termius has a similar rating and feedback to Termux, but it has fewer features and functionalities than Termux.
Conclusion
In this article, I have provided you with a detailed guide on how to download, install, and use Termux on your Android device. I have also covered some of the features, benefits, commands, and alternatives of Termux. I hope you have learned something new and useful from this article.
Termux is a powerful app that allows you to access a Linux command line on your phone, install various packages, and use many tools and utilities. You can use Termux for data processing, programming, file management, learning Linux, running an SSH client, and much more. Termux is also a flexible and customizable app that lets you change the appearance and behavior of your terminal and apps to your liking. Termux is also a fun and engaging app that lets you explore the world of open source software with your Android device.
If you are looking for a terminal emulator and Linux environment for your Android device, I highly recommend you to try Termux. You can download Termux from F-Droid or GitHub, install it on your device, and start using it right away. You can also check out the official website of Termux at for more information and resources.
FAQs
Here are some frequently asked questions and answers about Termux:
Q: How do I exit Termux?
A: To exit Termux, you can either press the back button on your device or type exit in the terminal. This will close the current session and return you to the home screen or app drawer.
Q: How do I copy and paste in Termux?
A: To copy text in Termux, you can either long-press on the text or use the volume up + C keyboard shortcut. To paste text in Termux , you can either long-press on the terminal or use the volume up + V keyboard shortcut.
Q: How do I run Termux in the background?
A: To run Termux in the background, you can either press the home button on your device or use the volume down + D keyboard shortcut. This will minimize Termux and keep it running in the background. You can also use the volume down + L keyboard shortcut to lock the terminal and prevent accidental input.
Q: How do I access the internet in Termux?
A: To access the internet in Termux, you need to have a working internet connection on your device and grant Termux permission to access the network. You can do this by running the following command and following the instructions:
termux-setup-network
This will allow Termux to access the internet and use various network-related commands and packages.
Q: How do I get help in Termux?
A: To get help in Termux, you can use the -h or --help option with any command or package to get a brief description and usage information. You can also use the man command to get a detailed manual page for any command or package. For example, to get help on the ls command, you can run:
ls -h
or man ls
You can also visit the official website of Termux at for more information and resources. You can also join the Termux community on Reddit, Telegram, Discord, etc. to ask questions, share tips, and learn from other users.
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